Phosphatidylserine

Authors:

Chunlai Zhang, Fei Ma, Guowei Huang, Huilian Duan, Jiangang Zhao, Jing Yan, Meilin Zhang, Moyan Wang, Ning Xu, Ruikun He, Tong Yang, Wen Li, Yongjie Chen, Zhenshu Li, Zhongbao Yue

Findings:

The food supplement significantly improved arithmetic testing, similarity test performance, and short-term memory compared to placebo in MCI patients. It also increased serum levels of n-3 PUFAs (ALA, DHA, EPA) and neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, GABA, 5-HT). Increased serum ALA may mediate the improvement in short-term memory.

Participants:

190 Chinese older adults (mean age 67.95 years, 63.2% female) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Dosage:

Two capsules every day for 12 months. Each intervention capsule contained 144 mg ALA, 31.5 mg PS, 3.6 mg Ginkgo total flavonoids, 0.48 mg Vitamin B1, 0.48 mg Vitamin B6, and 90 μg folic acid.

Study Quality Assessment:

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial; N=190; Linear mixed effects model and causal mediation analysis used; No conflict of interest declared.

All Effects:

Findings:

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an essential component of the cerebral cortex and is associated with cognitive function.

Study Quality Assessment:

Systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors:

Xiaohua Ma

Findings:

This review discusses Phosphatidylserine (PS) metabolism and its roles in brain functions like membrane signaling, neurotransmission, synaptic refinement, apoptosis, and inflammation. It highlights PS's anti-inflammatory potential via microglia modulation and altered PS levels in CNS diseases (AD, PD, MDD, stroke, ASD, ADHD, Schizophrenia, SCI). Supplementation with exogenous PS (including PS liposomes) is suggested to improve cognitive function and may benefit AD, PD, MDD, and ADHD patients, appearing well-tolerated in clinical studies.

Participants:

Review summarizes studies involving human participants (e.g., elderly with cognitive decline, patients with AD, PD, MDD, ADHD, schizophrenia, autistic patients) and various animal models (e.g., mice, rats, chicks) relevant to CNS diseases.

Dosage:

Review cites various dosages from different studies: 300 mg/day (elderly cognitive decline, aged patients, MDD); 500 mg daily for 3 weeks (AD glucose metabolism); 100 mg, three times a day for 12 weeks (AD); 300 mg PS and 240 mg PA (AD); 200 mg, twice a day (AD with cognitive training); 200–600 mg/day for 30 days (elderly MDD); 100 mg PS + 119 mg DHA + 70 mg EPA three times a day for 12 weeks (MDD); PS-omega3 (250mg/day) for 30 weeks (ADHD); 200 mg/day PS for 2 months (ADHD); 200–300 mg/day (ADHD).

Study Quality Assessment:

Review article published in 'Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience' (open-access, CC BY license). Mentions specific methods used in cited studies (e.g., LC-MS/MS, 31P NMR, HPLC, SPECT, GC-MS, IMS, Western blot, RT-PCR, Raman imaging, animal behavioral tests like forced swimming). Cites studies with designs like 'double-blind', 'placebo-controlled'. Notes inconsistencies in findings (e.g., PS levels in AD, schizophrenia). Funding sources and conflict of interest statement provided.

All Effects:

Participants:

elderly participants with age-associated memory impairment

Study Quality Assessment:

Randomized controlled trial; study protocol

Authors:

Amaducci, L.

Findings:

Patients treated with bovine cortex phosphatidylserine (BC-PS) for 12 weeks improved on several cognitive measures relative to placebo. These differences were most notable in patients with less severe cognitive impairment, suggesting BC-PS might be beneficial in early-stage AD.

Participants:

N=51 patients meeting clinical criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Dosage:

100 mg of bovine cortex phosphatidylserine (BC-PS) three times daily (t.i.d.).

Study Quality Assessment:

Clinical Trial, Randomized Controlled Trial, Placebo-controlled, Double-Blind Method (indicated by MeSH terms), N=51, 12-week treatment duration.