TB-500

Authors:

Hongyan Zuo, Yang Li, Yuan Xing, Yumeng Ye

Findings:

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a multifunctional peptide that plays a pivotal role in physiological and pathological processes by increasing angiogenesis and proliferation, and inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. Animal experiments and clinical trials reviewed in the text suggest Tβ4 has therapeutic effects on conditions such as myocardial infarction, xerophthalmia, liver and renal fibrosis, ulcerative colitis, colon cancer, and skin trauma, acting through various signaling pathways.

Participants:

The text describes studies involving various animal models (e.g., rats, mice, pigs, rabbits, frogs) and human participants (including healthy volunteers, patients with acute myocardial infarction, children undergoing congenital heart surgery, patients with xerophthalmia, epidermolysis bullosa, pressure ulcers, and venous stasis ulcers). Additionally, in vitro studies using various cell lines (e.g., endothelial, epithelial, stem cells, progenitor cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, leukocytes) are mentioned.

Dosage:

The reviewed studies mention various dosages and administrations: 'single and multiple intravenous injections of Tβ4 in healthy volunteers' (Phase I trial); 'Tβ4 (1 µg/mL)' for mesenchymal stem cells under hypoxic conditions; '5 mg/kg Tβ4 twice per day' in rats for skin flaps; daily topical application of 'one of three doses of Tβ4' for epidermolysis bullosa. A 'dose-escalation study' for wound healing is also cited.

Study Quality Assessment:

The text is a review article. It cites various studies, some of which are described with methodological details such as 'clinical phase I trial' (evaluating safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics), 'randomized, double-blind clinical trial', 'placebo-controlled', 'phase II clinical trial', and 'dose-escalation study'. The review article itself mentions it was peer-reviewed ('Reviewed by: Lili Ding...; Mohamed El-Sherbiny...'), edited ('Edited by: Alain Couvineau...'), and includes a funding disclosure ('This study was supported by the funds from Major national science and technology projects (Grant No. 2018ZX09J18103-006)') and a conflict of interest statement ('The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.'). The article is open-access under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).

All Effects:

Authors:

Klaudia Maar

Findings:

The text proposes utilizing developmentally essential secreted peptides, such as Thymosin Beta-4, to remind adult organs of their embryonic state, suggesting this as a new direction in anti-aging regenerative therapies.

All Effects:

Findings:

The existence of a specific hormone of the thymus could be demonstrated with traditional tests.

Study Quality Assessment:

Methodology mentioned: traditional tests, observation.

Findings:

Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) promotes CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) plasticity and neurovascular remodeling, leading to neurological recovery in a range of neurological diseases.

All Effects:

Findings:

Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) is described as the major G-actin-sequestering molecule in eukaryotic cells. The text also states that Tβ4 possesses other properties including antiapoptosis, anti-inflammation, promotion of angiogenesis, wound healing, stem/progenitor cell differentiation, and cell migration and survival, which provide the scientific foundation for corneal applications.

All Effects: